Alfred Stevens (1823-1906)
Alfred Émile Léopold Stevens was born in Brussels on May 11, 1823 but spent most of his life in Paris. From 1844 onwards, he mingled with artists like Eugene Delacroix, Theodore Rousseau, Edouard Manet and Edgar Degas, earning him the description “the Fleming who was more Parisian than most Parisians”. His focus at the beginning of his career was slightly historical with a hint of Romanticism. It soon evolved more towards Realism as the social issues of the time started to become more prominent. In Paris however, he became influenced by the Belle Epoque and all the luxury it entailed, shifting the focus of his paintings in an entirely new but still very realistic and humane direction.
Upper-class Parisian women of the Second Empire, followed later by the Third Republic, became his prominent subject: women who seemed to have nothing better to do than wait for something to happen. These paintings are suffused with an air of melancholy and despair, which clashes with their otherwise colorful and ingeniously detailed style. Stevens was a keen observer of these women’s inner and outer states. Not only does he accurately portray their feelings of loneliness and boredom, he also has a remarkable eye for gestures, facial expressions and habits. The lavish nineteenth century salons decorated with silk fabrics and lacquer in which these ladies spent their days were perceived as fundamentally shallow, contrasting the superficial beauty of the period with its inner anguish. Stevens did a spectacular job in creating tangible textures and fragrant flowers that produce a truly dramatic and decadent atmosphere, which successfully distracts the viewer from the hidden truth beneath the shiny surface. His paintings resemble snapshots of crucial moments in the lives of women. Stevens often incorporated books and letters in his oeuvre, which have the intriguing effect of inviting the spectator to make up stories about what could have happened or is going to happen. Turmoil, sorrow and hapless news: recurring themes in Stevens’ work as he depicts women's response or anticipation to these consuming states.
Although the identity of the sitter in the present painting is unknown, like the other models in Stevens’s paintings, she is strong but vulnerable. These rare moments when women get to be themselves, behind closed doors and away from prying eyes, are what appears to fascinate Stevens.
Provenance
François Van der Donckt, Sainte Adresse, Belgium, circa 1876
J.S. Forbes, London, 1900
LeRoy et Cie, Paris
James S. Inglis, The Cottier Gallery, New York, 1908
His sale, American Art Galleries, 9 March 1910, lot 116, ill.
Walter P. Fearon, New York
Richard B. Angus (1831-1922), Montreal, by 1912, by descent to
Frederic Wanklyn (1860-1930), by descent to the present owner
Private collection, France
Exhibitions
Paris, École des Beaux-Arts, Exposition de l'œuvre d'Alfred Stevens. Organisée par les Peintres Français, 6 -27 February 1900, cat.no. 55
New York, The Cottier Gallery, A Group of Twenty-Four Paintings of the French, Spanish, German, and American Schools, 1908
Montreal, The Art Association of Montreal, Inaugural Loan Exhibition Held in Connection with the Opening of the New Building of the Art Association by T.R.H. The Governor General and Duchess of Connaught, 9 December 1912 – 6 January 1913, cat.no. 164
Montreal, The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Canada Collects 1860-1960. European Paintings, 1960, 19 January – 21 February 1960, cat.no. 53
Literature
Achille Segard, “Alfred Stevens”, in: La Revue illlustrée, 5 March 1900, no. 7
“A Few Pictures of Special Interest Although of Minor Fame in the Ingliss Collection: Alfred Stevens not Fully Appreciated in this Country – Monticelli’s an Emotional Art”, in: The New York Times, 6 March 1910, p. 4, ill.
Florence N. Levy, ed., “Alfred Stevens”, in: American Art Annual 1910-1911, vol. VIII, p. 381
Janet M. Brooke, Discerning Tastes: Montreal Collectors 1880-1920, 1989, The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, p. 230, no. 1151
Gloria Lesser, “The R.B. Angus Art Collection. Paintings, Watercolours and Drawings, in: The Journal of Canadian Art History, Vol. XV/1, 1992, p. 120